What is Linux ? Why Linux? lab

 

What is Linux?

Linux is a family of open-source operating systems that are based on the Linux kernel. Unlike proprietary operating systems like Windows and macOS, Linux is freely available and modifiable. This openness has led to a vast ecosystem of distributions, each with its unique set of features and target users.

Why Choose Linux?

There are numerous reasons why people choose Linux:

• Cost: Linux is free.
• Security: Linux is generally considered more secure than other operating systems due to its open-source nature and active community.
• Customization: Linux offers a high degree of customization, allowing users to tailor their system to their specific needs.
• Stability: Linux is known for its stability and reliability.
• Performance: Linux often performs better than other operating systems, especially on older hardware.
• Community: Linux has a large and supportive community that provides a wealth of resources and assistance.

Step-by-Step Linux Labs with Screenshots

Note: To follow these labs, you'll need a computer with Linux installed. If you don't have one, you can try a virtual machine or a live CD/USB distribution.

Lab 1: Basic Commands

1. Open a terminal: This is the command-line interface for Linux.
   

   Linux terminal
2. Print a message: Use the echo command to display a message.

Bash

echo "Hello, world!"

Use code with caution.

[Image of the output of the echo command] 3. List files and directories: Use the ls command to list the contents of the current directory.

Bash

ls

Use code with caution.

[Image of the output of the ls command] 4. Create a directory: Use the mkdir command to create a new directory.

Bash

mkdir new_directory

Use code with caution.

5. Change directories: Use the cd command to navigate to a different directory.

Bash

cd new_directory

Use code with caution.

Lab 2: Package Management

1. Install a package: Use the package manager (e.g., apt for Debian-based distributions, yum for RPM-based distributions) to install a new package.

Bash

sudo apt install gedit

Use code with caution.

2. Remove a package: Use the package manager to remove an existing package.

package installation process

Bash

sudo apt remove gedit

Use code with caution.

3. Update package lists: Use the package manager to update the list of available packages.

Bash

sudo apt update

Use code with caution.

Lab 3: User Management

1. Create a new user: Use the adduser command to create a new user.

Bash

sudo adduser newuser

Use code with caution.

2. Set a password: Use the passwd command to set a password for the new user.

Bash

sudo passwd newuser

Use code with caution.

3. Switch to the new user: Use the su command to switch to the new user.

Bash

su newuser

Use code with caution.

Lab 4: File System Operations

1. Copy a file: Use the cp command to copy a file.

Bash

cp important_file.txt backup.txt

Use code with caution.

2. Move a file: Use the mv command to move a file.

Bash

mv old_file.txt new_file.txt

Use code with caution.

3. Delete a file: Use the rm command to delete a file.

Bash

rm unwanted_file.txt

Use code with caution.