Create PHP application on EC2 instance with Amazon RDS as backend.
Create PHP application on EC2 instance with Amazon RDS/MySQL as backend.
Objectives:
Learn to configure RDS with MySQL engine.
Learn to create a PHP application on EC2 instance with Amazon RDS/MySQL as backend.
Step 1: In EC2 service console, go to Security groups in side panel. Click on Create security groups.
Create a Security Group for Linux Server with following configuration:
Click on Create security group.
Configure it as follows:
Security group name: MyWebServerSG
Description: Security Group for EC2 Webserver in custom VPC
Add three rules under Inbound Rules:
1. Type: HTTP
Source: 0.0.0.0/0
2. Type: HTTP
Source: ::/0
3. Type: SSH
Source: 0.0.0.0/0
Click on Create security group button in bottom right corner. Confirm that it is created.
Go back to EC2 service console, go to Security groups in side panel. Click on Create security groups.
Provide Security group name as RDS-SG.
Provide Description as Security Group for Database.
Provide following Inbound rules:
1. Type: SSH
Source: 0.0.0.0/0
2. Type: MySQL/Aurora
Source: 0.0.0.0/0
3. Type: MySQL/Aurora
Source: MyWebServerSG (security group that would be used to create the EC2 instance)
Click on Create security group button in bottom right corner. Confirm that it is created.
Step 2: Go to RDS service console. Click on Create database.
Choose a Standard create database creation method.
Select the MySQL radio button in Engine options. Confirm MySQL 8.0.20
Select the Dev/Test in Templates.
Under Settings:
Give DB instance identifier as mydatabase1.
Provide Credentials Settings as per your choice and store it in a secure place. We refer to following values for this document:
Master Username: rdsuser123
Master password: rdspass123
Let the DB instance class be Standard Classes and size be db.m5.xlarge.
Confirm the default Storage settings as Storage type: General type- General Purpose (SSD) and Allocated storage 20 GiB.
Uncheck the Enable storage autoscaling.
Under Availability & durability select Do not create a standby instance radio button.
Connectivity section will have Default VPC selected.
Click on Additional connectivity configuration for drop down.
Select default-vpc Subnet group.
Select Yes radio button under Public access.
Select Choose Existing radio button in VPC security group.
In the Existing VPC security groups default will be selected. Remove this security group by clicking on the cross sign. Select the RDS-SG created in previous step.
In Availability Zone select 1a which should be same as the AZ of Linux Instance.
The Database port will be default 3306.
Database authentication is set to Password authentication.
Click on Additional configuration drop down.
Provide Initial database name as cloudPlusPlusLab.
DB parameter group and Option group will be default .mysql8.0.
In Backup the Enable automatic backups will be checked.
Backup retention period will be 0 days.
Backup window will have No preference selected.
Uncheck Copy tags to snapshots.
Uncheck Enable Encryption.
Uncheck Enable Performance Insights.
Uncheck Enable Enhanced monitoring.
Uncheck all options under Log Exports.
Uncheck Enable auto minor version upgrade.
Select No preference for Maintenance window.
Uncheck Enable deletion protection.
Ensure no additional cost is being incurred in the Estimated monthly cost section.
Click on Create database button in bottom right corner.
Confirm that the database is created and Available.
Step 3: Go to EC2 in AWS Console. Click on Launch Instance. Select The Linux2 AMI.
In Step 2: Choose an Instance Type keep the default t2.micro and go to next step.
In Step 3, select a subnet same as the one in which RDS is created. In our case we select ap-south-1a.
Keep the defaults for Step 4: Add Storage. And go to Step 5. Provide the Key as Name and Value as LinuxWebServerforRDS.
In Step 6 select the existing Linux Web Server Security Group MyWebServerSG created earlier in this exercise. For more information refer to our blog in Linux Server Configuration here. Review, acknowledge the Key-pair and Launch the Instance. Make sure it is running.
Step 4: SSH into the instance.
Run the following command. This will get the latest bug fixes and security updates by updating the software on your EC2 instance:
sudo yum update
Now install the PHP software using following command. This command installs multiple software packages and related dependencies:
sudo amazon-linux-extras install -y lamp-mariadb10.2-php7.2 php7.2
Now we Install Apache web server:
sudo yum install -y httpd
Start the Apache web server using following command:
sudo systemctl start httpd
Configure the web server to start with each system boot using following command:
sudo systemctl enable httpd
Test your web server by entering the DNS name of your EC2 instance in the address bar of the web browser. You should see the Apache test page.
To allow ec2-user to manage files in the default root directory for your Apache web server, modify the ownership and permissions of the /var/www directory.
We will add a group named www to your EC2 instance. Then we give that group ownership of the /var/www directory and add write permissions for the group. Any members of that group can then add, delete, and modify files for the web server.
Add the www group to your EC2 instance with the following command:
sudo groupadd www
Add the ec2-user user to the www group:
sudo usermod -a -G www ec2-user
Log out to refresh your permissions and include the new www group:
exit
Log back in again and verify that the www group exists with the next command. You should see output as below:
groups
Change the group ownership of the /var/www directory and its contents to the www group:
sudo chgrp -R www /var/www
Change the directory permissions of /var/www and its subdirectories to add group write permissions and set the group ID on subdirectories created in the future:
sudo chmod 2775 /var/www
find /var/www -type d -exec sudo chmod 2775 {} +
Recursively change the permissions for files in the /var/www directory and its subdirectories to add group write permissions:
find /var/www -type f -exec sudo chmod 0664 {} +
Connect your Apache web server to your DB instance. Change the directory to /var/www and create a new subdirectory named inc:
cd /var/www
Create a directory inc and enter the directory. Inside the directory we create a file dbinfo.inc:
mkdir inc
cd inc
Create a new file in the inc directory named dbinfo.inc:
>dbinfo.inc
Go into the nano editor and add the following code into the dbinfo.inc file:
nano dbinfo.inc
The Blue part in following code is to be replaced by your database endpoint, username, password and database name that was created in the above steps.
<?php
define('DB_SERVER', ’my-database-1.xyzabcd.ap-south-1.rds.amazonaws.com’);
define('DB_USERNAME', 'rdsuser123');
define('DB_PASSWORD', 'rdspass123');
define('DB_DATABASE', 'cloudPlusPlusLab');
?>
Press Ctrl+X to exit, further Y to save changes and Enter to keep the name unchanged.
Change the directory to html:
cd /var/www/html
Here create a SamplePage.php document. Go to Nano editor to edit the document:
>SamplePage.php
nano SamplePage.php
Add the following code:
<?php include "../inc/dbinfo.inc"; ?>
<html><body>
<h1>Sample page</h1>
<?php
/* Connect to MySQL and select the database. */
$connection = mysqli_connect(DB_SERVER, DB_USERNAME, DB_PASSWORD);
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) echo "Failed to connect to MySQL: " . mysqli_connect_error();
$database = mysqli_select_db($connection, DB_DATABASE);
/* Ensure that the EMPLOYEES table exists. */
VerifyEmployeesTable($connection, DB_DATABASE);
/* If input fields are populated, add a row to the EMPLOYEES table. */
$employee_name = htmlentities($_POST['NAME']);
$employee_address = htmlentities($_POST['ADDRESS']);
if (strlen($employee_name) || strlen($employee_address)) {
AddEmployee($connection, $employee_name, $employee_address);
}
?>
<!-- Input form -->
<form action="<?PHP echo $_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'] ?>" method="POST">
<table border="0">
<tr><td>NAME</td><td>ADDRESS</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><input type="text" name="NAME" maxlength="45" size="30" /></td>
<td><input type="text" name="ADDRESS" maxlength="90" size="60" /></td>
<td><input type="submit" value="Add Data" /></td>
</tr>
</table>
</form>
<!-- Display table data. -->
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
<tr><td>ID</td><td>NAME</td><td>ADDRESS</td></tr>
<?php
$result = mysqli_query($connection, "SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEES");
while($query_data = mysqli_fetch_row($result)) {
echo "<tr>";
echo "<td>",$query_data[0], "</td>",
"<td>",$query_data[1], "</td>",
"<td>",$query_data[2], "</td>";
echo "</tr>";
}
?>
</table>
<!-- Clean up. -->
<?php
mysqli_free_result($result);
mysqli_close($connection);
?>
</body></html>
<?php
/* Add an employee to the table. */
function AddEmployee($connection, $name, $address) {
$n = mysqli_real_escape_string($connection, $name);
$a = mysqli_real_escape_string($connection, $address);
$query = "INSERT INTO EMPLOYEES (NAME, ADDRESS) VALUES ('$n', '$a');";
if(!mysqli_query($connection, $query)) echo("<p>Error adding employee data.</p>");
}
/* Check whether the table exists and, if not, create it. */
function VerifyEmployeesTable($connection, $dbName) {
if(!TableExists("EMPLOYEES", $connection, $dbName))
{
$query = "CREATE TABLE EMPLOYEES (
ID int(11) UNSIGNED AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
NAME VARCHAR(45),
ADDRESS VARCHAR(90)
)";
if(!mysqli_query($connection, $query)) echo("<p>Error creating table.</p>");
}
}
/* Check for the existence of a table. */
function TableExists($tableName, $connection, $dbName) {
$t = mysqli_real_escape_string($connection, $tableName);
$d = mysqli_real_escape_string($connection, $dbName);
$checktable = mysqli_query($connection,
"SELECT TABLE_NAME FROM information_schema.TABLES WHERE TABLE_NAME =
'$t' AND TABLE_SCHEMA = '$d'");
if(mysqli_num_rows($checktable) > 0) return true;
return false;
}
?>
Press Ctrl+X to exit, further Y to save changes and Enter to keep the name unchanged.
Step 5: Verify that your web server successfully connects to your DB instance by opening a web browser and browsing to
EC2 instance endpoint/SamplePage.php
The Blue part will be your DNS name:
ec2-172-31-32-14.ap-south-1.compute.amazonaws.com/SamplePage.php
As you enter the data, it will be stored on the created database server.
Step 6: Thus we have created a Web Server on EC2 Instance and connected to MySQL database successfully.
Note: Delete RDS instance, Security groups and terminate the instances if you no longer need them.
